Incandescent gas-burner.



No. 799,949. PATENTED SEPT. 19, 1905.

J. HUDLER. INGANDESGENT 99s BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 4,1904.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Jwa afiffudler Inventor Attorneys BIO- 799,649-

, PATENTED SEPT-19, 1905. J. HUDLER. INGANDESGENT GAS BURNER.

APPLICATION TILED IBB. 4,1904.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

mnnew. B. GRMAM c0. mom-umocmmans, wlsnmowu, n C.

UNITED STATES PnTENT OFFICE.

INCANDESCENT GAS-BURNER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 19, 1905.

Application filed February 4, 1904. Serial No. 191,930-

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, J OSEPH HUDL'ER, director, a subject of the King ofSaxony, residing at Glauchau, in the Kingdom of Saxony, German Empire,have invented new and useful Improvements in Incandescent Gas-Burners,of which the following is a specification.

Hitherto in producing incandescent gaslight it has always been thepractice to conduct the Bunsen flame employed for heating the mantlethrough the latter in the direction of its longitudinal axis and toavoid contact between the point of the flame and the walls of themantle. In order to bring the mantle to as perfect a state ofincandescence as possible, two points must be observed with theapparatus ordinarily employed: First, the form of the Bunsen flame mustapproximate as nearly as possible to that of the mantle, or vice versa,in order that the contact between flame and mantle may be as uniform andcomplete as possible; second, an ample supply of air must be conductedto all parts of the flame and mantle.-

To permanently fulfil the first condition in practice has hitherto beenimpossible, as the mantle from the moment it has undergone theburning-off process continually changes in shape and as the Bunsen flameshapes itself according to the pressure in the pipe, being thus likewisesubject to perpetual alterations.

The second condition is sought to be met by means of a draft-creatingdeviceviz., a chimneywithout, however, as is Well known, perfectlysatisfactory results having been obtained. With the well-known and mostusual vertical incandescent gas-burners the chimney conducts the outsideair to the bottom of the flame and compels it to rush through. thechimney and mantle in the same direction as the flame. Thus there is thedisadvantage, first, of imperfect mixture of this air of com bustionwith the burning gases -that is to say, the combustion is slowandincomplete;

secondly, the upper part of the flame, and

therefore of the mantle, is surrounded with air poor in oxygen andalready consumed in heated, not by a Bunsen flame'lying coaxially withthe mantle, but by one or more Bunsen flames which do not burn parallelwith but are inclined or lie at right angles to the longitudinal axis-ofthe mantle and with their tips directed toward the direction of motionof the current of air of combustion, and, furthermore, it is not thesides, but the tips of the flames which contact with the mantle.

The accompanying drawings show several examples of burners constructedaccording to my invention.

Figure 1 is an elevation and part section of a burner designed forsimple or single lamps. Fig. 1 is an end View of the same. Fig. 2 is alongitudinal section, and Fig. 2 a cross-section, of a double burner.Fig. 3 is an elevation and part section of a simple burner incombination with a special form of pendant. Fig. 4 is an under-side viewof a modified construction of burner. Figs. 5 and 6 are elevations oftwo further types of burner. Fig. 7 illustrates in side elevation guardsfor the purpose of preventing injury to the mantle.

The burner employed is a Bunsen burner, which, however, is so arrangedthat the bu rnertube (0 instead of standing vertically,as hitherto, lieshorizontally or slightly inclined to the horizontal. This arrangement isessential to the invention. Furthermore, the tube a instead of beingopen is closed at the end 6 opposite the gas inlet nozzle. On the otherhand, its periphery, and especially the downwardlydirected.half of thelatter, is provided with the perforations 0. so that the jets leave thetube a at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the latter.

The apertures 0 may be small holes, as shown in Fig. 1, or slots, asshown in Fig. 2, or they may be of any other suitable form; but in anycase they must be such that on the surface of the tube (60118 or morerows of jets or flame are formed, the rows running parallel with thelongitudinal axis of the tube to. Over the Bunsen tube thus constructeda mantle (l is pushed. This may be done in such manner that the entirelength of the upper half of the mantle rests upon the tube a, which thusserves as a means of support for the mantle, or the latter may beprovided with a special holder or support, if desired. The mantle (Zcan, as shown inFigs. 2 and 3, either lie fiat upon the tube a or onelevations 10, Fig. 1, furnished at certain distances apart on the tubea. In consequence of this arrangement, as will be readily understood,the surrounding air, which, owing to the heat generated by the burner,naturally plays round the I latter in the direction indicated by thearrows in Fig. 2, will meet the burning jets issuing vertically downwardfrom the apertures c. and particles of air free from products ofcombustion will be fed continuously to the jets.

The quantity of the pure air of combustion thus flowing through themantle is always a function of the horizontal projection of the mantle,or, in other words, the cross-section of the column of air flowing tothe mantle is always equal to the projection of the mantle on thehorizontal plane. The horizontal projection of a mantle arranged in theordinary manner viz. vertically-is relatively small that is to say, itis equal to a circle the diameter'of which is. equal to the diameter ofthe mantle. In the present case, on the contrary, this projection of thehorizontal or inclined mantle is considerably greater-that is, it isequal to a rectangle one side of which is equal to the diameter of themantle and the other side equal to the length of the mantle. The size ofthis projection area, which determines the favorable combustion in theburner-that is to say, the size of the aircolumn streaming to themantleis in the case of the new arrangement about three and one-halftimes that of an ordinary vertical burner for the same size of mantleand same consumption of gas. In consequence of this increased supply ofair and of the flow being toward the flame the latter will be short, and

therefore hot, and will thus render the mantle highly and brightlyincandescent.

The mantle will glow most brightly below the axis of the burner. Theelevations w (shown in Fig. 1) on the top portion of the burner inaddition to supporting the mantle serve the further purpose of enablingthe hot gases to circulate and contact with the mantle above the tube aalso, and thus bring the up permost part of the fabric to a state ofincandescence and illumination.

The mantle (Z employed with my new burner may be closed at one end, asshown in Figs. 1 and 2, or at both ends, as shown in Fig. 3, where micadisks g are employed for this purpose. or the mantle (Z may be open atboth ends-that is to say, may be of tubular shapewithout the action ofthe burner being in any way injuriously affected.

A particular advantage of the new burner over prior burners is thefollowing: The burner-tube a, and thus the row of jets c that is to say,the row of holes or slots, slits, or the like-may be of any desiredlength. It also offers no practical'difficulty to the manufacture oftubular mantles of any suitable length. With my improvedburner,therefore, it is extremely easy to manufacture mantles of anydesired superficial area or size, and therefore illuminating power,without the advantage of complete combustion with short flame having tobe to any extent relinquished by making the length of the burner-tube aand its apertures c and the length of the tubular mantle d all ofsuitable dimensions, and, vice versa, burners of the smallestilluminating power (with only one or two apertures 0) are easy tomanufacture. The well-known burners with vertically-pendent mantle, forobvious reasons, as regards their incandescent surface and theirilluminating power are not so easy to manufacture and are not variablewithin such widelimits, for with any increase in the size of the flamethe difficulty of sufiicient air-supply arises, whereas, onthe otherhand, especially on reducing the flame, the condition that the peripheryof the flame shall coincide with that of the mantle cannot be fulfilled.Furthermore, in order in the case of ordinary burners to alter the areaof the incandescent surface the diameter of the mantle must be altered,which, however, for practical reasons is only permissible within veryclose limits; likewise alterations of the diameter of the Bunsen burner,of the chimney, &c.

The mantle (Z according to the new burner can be provided with aguardfor instance, in the form of a roof-shaped or other reflector orthe like for the purpose of preventing the mantle being injured byexternal mechanical influences.

The two constructions shown in Figs. 1 and 3 for simple burners differonly in respect to the heat-insulating device for preventing heating ofthe cock For this purpose the mixing-tube of the Bunsen burner in Fig. lis simply constructed of some material which is a bad conductor of heat.

In Fig. 3 the burner-tube a is held between two points f and it only, sothat there are only very small contacting surfaces between. the tube aand the yoke-shaped pendant i, and therefore only a very small portionof the heat of the tube a can possibly reach the nozzle m and the cock0. The points 7t leave the necessary and ordinary apertures to the tubea for entrance of mixing air free. The nut Zserves for pressing the tubea firmly against the point f. The arrangement may, however, be such thatthe points f h are dispensed with and the tube a simply so suspended, bymeans of two chains is, from the yoke i that it hangs freely in front ofthe nozzle m, as may be seen in Fig. 7. The double burner shown in Fig.2 has a common mixing-tube n, with two or more lateral branchburner-tubes a. This construction also can be furnished with means forpreventing the conduction of heat and the like, as shown in Figs. 1 and3. This burner can also be constructed as simple burner with but onetube a, if desired.

With the burner shown in Fig. 2, in which from a common mixing-tube onlytwo, or it may be several, burner-tubes a branch, asecondary air-supplyof any desired extent can be fed to the issuing gas to be burned, theilluminating-surface being increased at the same time, for the moreburner-tubes a that branch from the common mixing-tube n the greater theilluminating-surface without the consumption of gas being increased andthe more outside or secondaryair is fed to the same quantity of gas.

The burner tube a instead of being provided with a single broad slot 0may be furnished with two or more narrow slots 0, as shown in Fig. 4.

Fig. 5 shows a construction of burner in which the burner-tube a isconical, the apex being at the outer end. In this manner an ordinarymantle with open top can be pushed over the burnerstube, and the usualreinforced fabric of the mantle-top constitutes a bearing resting on theburner-tube a.

In Fig. 6 a burner is shown in which the burner-tube a is bent at rightangles, the vertical limb being pushed over the mixing-tube n of anordinary Bunsen burner.

Having thus described my invention, Iclaim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent-- 1. In combination, an incandescent gasburner havinga Bunsen burner-tube closed at one end and located at an angle to theordinary vertical position of such tubes and peripherally perforated onits lower side, and an incandescent gas-mantle encircling and restingupon the upper side of the tube, substantially as described.

2. In combination, an incandescent gas burner having a Bunsenburner-tube closed at one end and located at an angle to the ordinaryvertical position of such tubes and peripherally perforated on its lowerside, and having peripheral elevations on its upper side, and anincandescent gas-mantle encircling the tube and supported by the saidelevations,sub stantially as described.

3. An incandescent Bunsen gas-burner comprising a common verticalmixing-tube and a plurality of peripherally-perforated burnertubes eachclosed at one end and located at an angle to the mixing-tube, incombination with incandescent gas-mantles encircling the saidburner-tubes, substantially as described.

4. An incandescent Bunsen gas-burner comprising a vertical mixing-tube,and a burnertube having a plurality of peripheral slots, closed at oneend and located at an angle to the mixing-tube, in combination with anincandescent gas mantle encircling the said burner-tube, substantiallyas described.

5. An incandescent Bunsen gas-burner comprising a vertical mixing-tube,and a conical, peripherally-perforated burner-tube closed at one end andlocated at an angle to the mixingtube, in combination with anincandescent gasmantle encircling the said burner-tube, substantially asdescribed.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed 'my name, this 21st day ofJanuary, 1904, in

